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Several successive city walls surrounded Paris from ancient times through until the twentieth century, except for between 1670 (when Louis XIV ordered the demolition of the Louis XIII Wall) and 1785 (when construction began on the Wall of the Farmers-General). The walls served to defend the town, protect inhabitants, and assess goods sold in Paris. City walls of Paris include: * a Gaulish enclosure (location unknown). * a Gallo-Roman wall. * two medieval walls, one of which was the Wall of Philippe Auguste. * the Wall of Charles V, extending on the right bank. * the Louis XIII Wall, extending on the western part of the right bank. * the Wall of the Farmers-General, for tax purposes. * the Thiers wall. As Paris expanded over time, new walls were built to consolidate the existing city with new houses, gardens, and vegetable fields. Existing walls would eventually be destroyed and its site built up into a street or boulevard. Only a few sections of the Wall of the Farmers-General (pavilions of Claude Nicolas Ledoux) and the Wall of Philippe Auguste survive. The walls' influence on modern Paris can still be seen on some of its major streets and boulevards such as: * The 'Grands boulevards' (main streets), built by replacing the Charles V and Louis XIII Walls. * The outer boulevards, built in place of the Wall of the Farmers-General. * The 'boulevards des Maréchaux' (Boulevards of the Marshals, a loop encircling the city consisting of boulevards named for the Marshals of France), built to replace the Thiers Wall. * The Boulevard périphérique (ring road or beltway), built outside the boulevards des Maréchaux. * The parallel streets Rue de Cléry and Rue d'Aboukir in the Second Arrondissement mark the route of the Charles V Wall. ==Gaulish enclosure== The first wall of Paris was probably built by the Gauls on the river Seine, although its exact location is unknown. In his ''Commentaries on the Gallic War'', Julius Caesar wrote : ''"Id est oppidum Parisiorum, quod positum est in insula fluminis Sequanae"'', indicating that Lutetia (former name of Paris, the town of the tribe of Parisii) was a fortified camp on an island. The relationship between this island and the Île de la Cité is unclear due to the discovery in 2003 of the remains of a city on a site now occupied by Nanterre. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「City walls of Paris」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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